Queda inaugurado el blog con esta entrada que no sirve para nada, pero por algo hay que empezar.
lunes, 30 de marzo de 2020
domingo, 29 de marzo de 2020
TEMA 1 - PRESENT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS, STATE VERBS, PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACE, QUANTIFIERS AND COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.
Empezamos con el primer tiempo verbal: el presente simple. Recordad sus usos:
El segundo tiempo verbal es el presente continuo. Recordad sus usos:
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
2. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath.
3. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
4. What she (do) in the evenings?
She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV.
5. I won't go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.
6. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30.
7. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes.
9. Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays.
10. How you (get) to work as a rule?
I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car.
11. Why you (put) on your coat?
I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me?
12. Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn modern Greek.
13. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow.
14. You (love) him?
No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him.
15. These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain).
16. We (use) this room today because the window in the other room is broken.
17. He always (say) that he will mend the window but he never (do) it.
18. You (write) to him tonight?
Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message?
19. Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about.
20. You (believe) all that the newspapers say?
No, I (not believe) any of it.
Then why you (red) newspapers?
21. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right?
Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that.
22. What this one (cost)?
It (cost) forty pence.
23. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
24. He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else.
25. When the curtains (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) a factory gate.
26. Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly.
I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o'clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.
27. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for.
28. It (save) time if you (take) the path through the wood?
No, it (matter) which path you take.
29. I (save) up because I (go) abroad in July.
30. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car.
31. What he (do) to his car now?
I (think) he (polish) it.
32. That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it?
33. How Peter (get) on at school?
Very well. He (seem) to like the life.
34. What the word 'catastrophe' (mean)?
It (mean) disaster.
35. You (mind) is I (ask) you a question?
That (depend) on the question.
It (concern) your brother.
I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.
[No dejéis de echarle un vistazo a la lista de 'state verbs' que tenéis en el libro de B1]
Pasamos a los cuantificadores. Aquí tenéis un esquema muy básico:
Ahora ya podéis pinchar aquí y hacer este ejercicio sobre cuantificadores.
¿Os parece bien como primera entrada de gramática?
Pues vamos a por el tema 2.
El segundo tiempo verbal es el presente continuo. Recordad sus usos:
(No dejaré de repetiros que el primer problema que debéis solventar con el inglés es el del uso de estos dos tiempos verbales. Recordad que los dos sitios donde podéis fallar con el presente simple es en la colocación de la -s en la tercera persona del singular en las frases afirmativas y en la colocación de los auxiliares -do y does- en las negativas y en las interrogativas; y con el presente continuo no dejéis de poner el verbo 'to be' además del verbo principal en -ing)
Para entrenar con esto por penúltima vez, aquí tenéis una serie de frases para que pongáis los verbos en los correspondientes tiempos verbales:
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
2. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath.
3. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
4. What she (do) in the evenings?
She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV.
5. I won't go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.
6. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30.
7. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes.
9. Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays.
10. How you (get) to work as a rule?
I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car.
11. Why you (put) on your coat?
I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me?
12. Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn modern Greek.
13. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow.
14. You (love) him?
No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him.
15. These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain).
16. We (use) this room today because the window in the other room is broken.
17. He always (say) that he will mend the window but he never (do) it.
18. You (write) to him tonight?
Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message?
19. Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about.
20. You (believe) all that the newspapers say?
No, I (not believe) any of it.
Then why you (red) newspapers?
21. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right?
Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that.
22. What this one (cost)?
It (cost) forty pence.
23. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
24. He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else.
25. When the curtains (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) a factory gate.
26. Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly.
I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o'clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.
27. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for.
28. It (save) time if you (take) the path through the wood?
No, it (matter) which path you take.
29. I (save) up because I (go) abroad in July.
30. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car.
31. What he (do) to his car now?
I (think) he (polish) it.
32. That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it?
33. How Peter (get) on at school?
Very well. He (seem) to like the life.
34. What the word 'catastrophe' (mean)?
It (mean) disaster.
35. You (mind) is I (ask) you a question?
That (depend) on the question.
It (concern) your brother.
I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.
Puede que en alguna frase hayáis tenido dificultades al encontraros con cierta clase de verbos que se conocen como 'state verbs'. No olvidéis que los 'state verbs' son aquellos verbos que describen estados, no acciones, y que no se suelen utilizar en tiempos continuos (a no ser que se utilicen cuando sí describen una acción, como puede ocurrir con think, see, be...)
Lo siguiente que tenéis que repasar son las preposiciones de tiempo y de lugar que tenéis en el Tema 1 del libro de B1.
Preposiciones de tiempo
At: usamos la preposición at para indicar puntos temporales concretos, momentos en particular. Por ejemplo, las horas del día: I play football at five o’clock. I start school at nine. Además de las horas del día, usamos at para indicar momentos precisos de una jornada, como la hora de comer, at lunchtime, at breakfast, en el desayuno. También usamos at para expresiones como At Christmas (en navidad), at the weekend (en el fin de semana) o at the moment (ahora mismo, por el momento). Un último ejemplo con el que muchos alumnos suelen fallar es at night (decimos In the morning, in the evening pero at night).
On: usamos la preposición on para días concretos. Por ejemplo, On Mondays, on Saturday, on Christmas (el día de navidad, 25), on my birthday (el día de mi cumpleaños), on 25th July (el veinticinco de Julio), o con expresiones como on the first day of the trip (el primer día del viaje).
In: si usamos at para momentos particulares, y on para días en concreto, when do we use in? In se utiliza cuando el punto temporal no es concreto, o tiene una duración indefinida, no constante. Por ejemplo, usamos in con los meses del año (pues si decimos en Julio no sabemos a qué día hacemos referencia), in July, in August, in December. También con los años, in 1999, in 2001, así como con expresiones que designan momentos o fracciones de un día, in the morning (la mañana), in the afternoon, in the evening. También para estaciones: in winter, in summer, y para in the holidays (puesto que las vacaciones pueden durar más o menos, we don’t know!).
Preposiciones de lugar
At: usamos at cuando intentamos dar un punto espacial concreto o una coordenada, es decir, cuando indicamos la posición de un objeto o persona. Where are you? I’m at the bus stop (estoy en la parada del bus). My father is at work (está en el trabajo, en el lugar de trabajo), the children study at school (en el colegio), at university, at home (en casa), etc.
On: usamos on para 1) superficies, tanto verticales como horizontales. On the wall (en la pared), on the table (en la mesa), on the chair, on the roof (en el tejado), on the floor (en el suelo), on the screen (en una pantalla). También para hablar de las distintas plantas de un edificio, pues no dejan de ser superficies: on the first floor, on the second floor, etc. Por otro lado, también usamos la preposición on para 2) todo tipo de tecnología. Siempre que hablemos de algún gadget tecnológico o medio de telecomunicación usamos la preposición on: we speak on the phone, we play on the computer, on the tablet, on your smartphone, on the radio, on television. Por último, se utiliza la preposición on para 3) líneas o bordes, como por ejemplo una línea fronteriza (on the borderline) la costa (on the coast) o una carretera o calle: I live on Santomera Street, we drive on a road, etc. Como excepción final, decimos on the beach.
In: por último, usamos in para referirnos a un espacio cerrado o delimitado, cuando el objeto o persona se encuentran dentro de ese espacio. Por ejemplo, I work in an academy (dentro de la academia), you sleep in your room (en tu habitación), we play in the park (el parque, aunque sea un espacio abierto, lo entendemos como separado e independiente). Igual ocurre con las fronteras (espacios teóricos e invisibles), we live in Spain, in Ireland, in Murcia, Barcelona, etc. Para lecturas, también decimos in the book, in the paper (en el trabajo/ensayo), in the newspaper (en el periódico).
Repasad las preposiciones y después pincháis aquí. Ahí tenéis una página de ejercicios de preposiciones; cuando lleguéis al final, tenéis doce páginas más de ejercicios que podéis ir corrigiendo vosotras mismas.
Pasamos a los cuantificadores. Aquí tenéis un esquema muy básico:
(recordad siempre que en el libro tenéis algo más de información y que siempre os vendrá bien echarle un vistazo)
Ahora ya podéis pinchar aquí y hacer este ejercicio sobre cuantificadores.
Lo último que tenéis que repasar del primer tema son los nombres contables e incontables. Aquí tenéis una buena explicación gramatical, y aquí, y aquí tenéis dos ejercicios para rellenar huecos, y aquí y aquí dos páginas de ejercicios para traducir con nombres contables e incontables.
¿Os parece bien como primera entrada de gramática?
Pues vamos a por el tema 2.
sábado, 28 de marzo de 2020
TEMA 2 - PAST SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS AND USED TO
Recordad los usos del pasado simple y del pasado continuo.
Recordad que el único problemilla con el que os podéis encontrar es el de saber si tenéis que utilizar pasado simple o continuo. Para entrenar, aquí tenéis unas cuantas frases:
1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tome came in at 7.00.
2. I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.
3. He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it.
4. When I arrived she (have) lunch. She apologized for starting without me but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30.
5. He always (wear) a raincoat and (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the office.
6. I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain) about my untidiness.
7. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
8. I just (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand.
9. When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph.
10. You looked very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)?
11. He (not allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow).
12. When he (mend) the fuse he (get) a very bad shock.
13. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not recognize) him at first because I (not wear) my glasses.
14. While the guests (dance) thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats.
15. She was very extravagant. She always (buy) herself new clothes.
16. When I (look) through your books I (notice) that you have a copy of Murder in the Cathedral.
17. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop).
18. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty. As soon as she (see) me she (wave) and (shout) something, but I couldn't hear what she (say) because everybody (make) such a noise.
19. The prisoner (escape) by climbing the wall of the garden where he (work). He (wear) blue overalls and black shoes.
20. She said that the car (travel) at 40 k.p.h. when it (begin) to skid.
21. I (be) sorry that I (have) to leave the party early, because I (enjoy) myself.
22. As we (come) here a policeman (stop) us. He (say) that he (look) for some stolen property and (ask) if he could search the car.
23. While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. He (put) up his umbrella and (go) on watering.
24. I (find) this ring as I (dig) in the garden). It looks very old. I wonder who it (belong) to?
25. While I (swim) someone (steal) my clothes and I (have) to walk home in my swimsuit.
26. The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside my house and that they (want) some water to make tea.
27. He (say) that he (build) himself a house and that he (think) it would be ready in two years.
28. At 3.00 a.m. Mrs Pitt (wake) her husband and (say) that she (think) that someone (try) to get into the house.
29. Why you (lend) him that book? I still (read) it.
I'm sorry. I (not know) that you still (read) it.
30. I (come) in very late last night and unfortunately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say), 'Who is there?'
I (say), 'It is me', but she (not hear) me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone) the police.
Solo tenéis que recordar una cosa más: el uso de 'Used to' (ah, y no olvidéis que en las oraciones en negativa y en interrogativa used pierde la d).
El tema 2 es relativamente sencillo, como habéis visto.
Vamos a por el tema 3.
Recordad que el único problemilla con el que os podéis encontrar es el de saber si tenéis que utilizar pasado simple o continuo. Para entrenar, aquí tenéis unas cuantas frases:
1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tome came in at 7.00.
2. I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.
3. He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it.
4. When I arrived she (have) lunch. She apologized for starting without me but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30.
5. He always (wear) a raincoat and (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the office.
6. I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain) about my untidiness.
7. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
8. I just (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand.
9. When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph.
10. You looked very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)?
11. He (not allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow).
12. When he (mend) the fuse he (get) a very bad shock.
13. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not recognize) him at first because I (not wear) my glasses.
14. While the guests (dance) thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats.
15. She was very extravagant. She always (buy) herself new clothes.
16. When I (look) through your books I (notice) that you have a copy of Murder in the Cathedral.
17. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop).
18. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty. As soon as she (see) me she (wave) and (shout) something, but I couldn't hear what she (say) because everybody (make) such a noise.
19. The prisoner (escape) by climbing the wall of the garden where he (work). He (wear) blue overalls and black shoes.
20. She said that the car (travel) at 40 k.p.h. when it (begin) to skid.
21. I (be) sorry that I (have) to leave the party early, because I (enjoy) myself.
22. As we (come) here a policeman (stop) us. He (say) that he (look) for some stolen property and (ask) if he could search the car.
23. While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. He (put) up his umbrella and (go) on watering.
24. I (find) this ring as I (dig) in the garden). It looks very old. I wonder who it (belong) to?
25. While I (swim) someone (steal) my clothes and I (have) to walk home in my swimsuit.
26. The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside my house and that they (want) some water to make tea.
27. He (say) that he (build) himself a house and that he (think) it would be ready in two years.
28. At 3.00 a.m. Mrs Pitt (wake) her husband and (say) that she (think) that someone (try) to get into the house.
29. Why you (lend) him that book? I still (read) it.
I'm sorry. I (not know) that you still (read) it.
30. I (come) in very late last night and unfortunately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say), 'Who is there?'
I (say), 'It is me', but she (not hear) me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone) the police.
Solo tenéis que recordar una cosa más: el uso de 'Used to' (ah, y no olvidéis que en las oraciones en negativa y en interrogativa used pierde la d).
El tema 2 es relativamente sencillo, como habéis visto.
Vamos a por el tema 3.
viernes, 27 de marzo de 2020
TEMA 3 - VOCABULARY: FUN AND GAMES
Primer tema de vocabulario que tenéis que empezar a manejar. En este caso, sobre diversión y juegos.
jueves, 26 de marzo de 2020
TEMA 4 - PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS
Vamos a empezar repasando los usos tanto del present perfect simple como del present perfect continuous.
Primero haréis un par de ejercicios para diferenciar entre un tiempo y otro.
Empezad con este para calentar.
Y ahora...la diversión!!!
1. This is my house.
How long you (live) here?
I (live) here since 1970.
2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.
3. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.
4. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.
5. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.
6. He (not smoke) for two weeks. he is trying to give it up.
7. We (walk) ten kilometres.
8. We (walk) for three hours.
9. I (sleep) on every bed in this house and I don't like any of them.
10. The students (work) very well this term.
11. I (grease) my car. That's why my hands are so dirty.
12. He (teach) in this school for five years.
13. I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this.
14. Why you (be) so long in the garage?
The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up.
15. I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any.
16. I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you'd go away or stop talking.
17. It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed.
18. He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet.
19. Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes. You (help) him with his exam or he (help) you?
20. Why you (make) such a horrible noise?
I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window.
You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.
Y aquí tenéis otro ejercicio más para practicar el uso del presente perfecto simple o del continuo.
Sólo hay una cosa más que tenéis que tener en cuenta y que, para mí, supone el segundo obstáculo a superar después de aprender a diferenciar cuándo utilizar presente simple o continuo: cuándo utilizar presente perfecto o pasado simple.
Recordad lo que pone en el libro de B1:
Aquí tenéis un test de nivel B1 para preparar la diferencia entre los dos tiempos verbales.
Y ahora, por supuesto, frases para elegir el tiempo verbal. Ya sabéis: o presente perfecto o pasado simple.
1. He just (go) out.
2. He (go) out ten minutes ago.
3. You (have) breakfast yet?
Yes, I (have) it at 8.00.
4. It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer.
5. You (be) here before?
Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year.
You (have) a good time?
No, it never (stop) raining.
6. Where is Tom?
I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he'd be in for dinner.
7. Where you (find) this knife?
I (find) it in the garden.
8. I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them anywhere?
No, I'm afraid I...When you last (wear) them?
I (wear) them at the theatre last night.
Perhaps you (leave) them at the theatre.
9. I (not know) that you (know) Mrs Pitt. How long you (know) her?
I (know) her for ten years.
10. You ever (try) to give up smoking?
Yes, I (try) last year, but then I (find) that I was getting fat so I (start) again.
11. Mary (feed) the cat?
Yes, she (feed) him before lunch.
What she (give) him?
She (give) him some fish.
12. I (not see) your aunt recently.
No, She (not be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV.
13. Where you (be)?
I (be) out in a yacht.
You (enjoy) it?
Yes, very much. We (take) part in a race.
You (win)?
No, we (come) in last.
14. How long that horrible monument (be) there?
It (be) there six months. Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done.
15. She (say) that she'd phone me this morning, but it is now 12.30 and she (not phone) yet.
16. How long you (be) out of work?
I'm not out of work now. I just (start) a new job.
How you (find) the job?
I (answer) an advertisement in the paper.
17. What are all those people looking at?
There (be) an accident.
You (see) what happened?
Yes, a motor cycle (run) into a lorry.
18. I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer.
19. Originally horses used in bull fights (not wear) any protection, but for some time now they (wear) special padding.
20. That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the 'For Sale' sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it.
Ahora vamos a por el tema 5...alguna vez tenía que llegar. 😉
Empezad con este para calentar.
Y ahora...la diversión!!!
1. This is my house.
How long you (live) here?
I (live) here since 1970.
2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.
3. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.
4. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.
5. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.
6. He (not smoke) for two weeks. he is trying to give it up.
7. We (walk) ten kilometres.
8. We (walk) for three hours.
9. I (sleep) on every bed in this house and I don't like any of them.
10. The students (work) very well this term.
11. I (grease) my car. That's why my hands are so dirty.
12. He (teach) in this school for five years.
13. I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this.
14. Why you (be) so long in the garage?
The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up.
15. I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any.
16. I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you'd go away or stop talking.
17. It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed.
18. He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet.
19. Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes. You (help) him with his exam or he (help) you?
20. Why you (make) such a horrible noise?
I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window.
You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.
Y aquí tenéis otro ejercicio más para practicar el uso del presente perfecto simple o del continuo.
Sólo hay una cosa más que tenéis que tener en cuenta y que, para mí, supone el segundo obstáculo a superar después de aprender a diferenciar cuándo utilizar presente simple o continuo: cuándo utilizar presente perfecto o pasado simple.
Recordad lo que pone en el libro de B1:
Aquí tenéis un test de nivel B1 para preparar la diferencia entre los dos tiempos verbales.
Y ahora, por supuesto, frases para elegir el tiempo verbal. Ya sabéis: o presente perfecto o pasado simple.
1. He just (go) out.
2. He (go) out ten minutes ago.
3. You (have) breakfast yet?
Yes, I (have) it at 8.00.
4. It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer.
5. You (be) here before?
Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year.
You (have) a good time?
No, it never (stop) raining.
6. Where is Tom?
I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he'd be in for dinner.
7. Where you (find) this knife?
I (find) it in the garden.
8. I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them anywhere?
No, I'm afraid I...When you last (wear) them?
I (wear) them at the theatre last night.
Perhaps you (leave) them at the theatre.
9. I (not know) that you (know) Mrs Pitt. How long you (know) her?
I (know) her for ten years.
10. You ever (try) to give up smoking?
Yes, I (try) last year, but then I (find) that I was getting fat so I (start) again.
11. Mary (feed) the cat?
Yes, she (feed) him before lunch.
What she (give) him?
She (give) him some fish.
12. I (not see) your aunt recently.
No, She (not be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV.
13. Where you (be)?
I (be) out in a yacht.
You (enjoy) it?
Yes, very much. We (take) part in a race.
You (win)?
No, we (come) in last.
14. How long that horrible monument (be) there?
It (be) there six months. Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done.
15. She (say) that she'd phone me this morning, but it is now 12.30 and she (not phone) yet.
16. How long you (be) out of work?
I'm not out of work now. I just (start) a new job.
How you (find) the job?
I (answer) an advertisement in the paper.
17. What are all those people looking at?
There (be) an accident.
You (see) what happened?
Yes, a motor cycle (run) into a lorry.
18. I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer.
19. Originally horses used in bull fights (not wear) any protection, but for some time now they (wear) special padding.
20. That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the 'For Sale' sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it.
Ahora vamos a por el tema 5...alguna vez tenía que llegar. 😉
miércoles, 25 de marzo de 2020
TEMA 5 - VERBS FOLLOWED BY 'TO' OR '-ING'
Este es uno de los temas más folloneros, ya que las listas de verbos que rigen infinitivo con to o gerundio hay que aprendérselas de memoria. Pero ¿cómo hacerlo sin desesperarse? Intentad utilizar los verbos todo lo que podáis con ejemplos; es decir, repetid hasta conseguir interiorizar el uso de estos verbos.
Esta primera lista es la de los verbos que rigen gerundio:
- admit (admitir)
- avoid (evitar)
- dislike (no gustarte)
- fancy / feel like (apetecer)
- imagine (imaginar)
- mention (mencionar)
- mind (importar)
- miss (echar de menos)
- practise (prcticar)
- put off (aplazar, posponer)
- suggest (sugerir)
Aquí tenéis una lista de verbos que rigen infinitivo con to:
- afford
- agree (estar de acuerdo / acordar)
- appear (parecer / aparecer)
- attempt (intentar)
- begin (empezar)
- decide (decidir)
- demand (pedir)
- expect
- fail (fracasar)
- hope (esperar)
- intend (querer / tener intención de)
- learn (aprender)
- manage (apañárselas para hacer algo / conseguir)
- offer (ofrecerse a)
- plan (planear)
- pretend (dar a entender)
- promise (prometer)
- refuse (negarse)
- seem (parecer)
- want (querer)
- would like (gustaría)
Y el pequeño problema viene cuando hay verbos que pueden ir seguidos de infinitivo con to o de gerundio dependiendo de lo que queramos decir. Estos son los verbos con los que hay que tener cuidado.
Para empezar a practicar, aquí tenéis un ejercicio. Aquí tenéis otro. Y aquí, uno más.
La segunda parte del tema es otro de los quebraderos de cabeza de quienes estudiamos inglés: los phrasal verbs.
La primera pregunta es: ¿qué es un 'phrasal verb'? Pues lo que tenéis que saber es que son verbos a los que se les añade una partícula y cambia el significado original del verbo; el ejemplo que siempre os he puesto es 'look', que significa 'mirar', pero 'look for' es buscar.
Los tres principales tipos de phrasal verbs que hay son:- verbo + adverbio + objeto: He pickep up his coat.
- verbo + adverbio (sin objeto): The plane took off.
- Verbo + adverbio + preposición + objeto: I got on with my work.
Aquí tenéis una lista de 25 phrasal verbs que con más frecuencia aparecen en los exámenes de B1:
1. Be about to.
To be going to happen or do something very soon.
Traducción: estar a punto de (hacer o pasar algo).
"When we arrived the ceremony was about to begin".
2. Be out of.
To lack or be short of something.
Traducción: quedarse sin.
"We are out of onions for supper! Can you go to the shop and get some?"
3. Be over.
To be ended, finished.
Traducción: finalizarse, acabarse.
"In two hours the exam will be over, and we finally get some rest".
4. Blow up.
To explode.
Traducción: estallar.
"The police arrived before the bomb blew up, and no one was hurt".
5. Break down.
To stop working.
Traducción: dejar de funcionar, averiarse.
"The car broke down only 20km away from their destination".
6. Carry on.
To continue.
Traducción: seguir, continuar.
"Please, carry on working on your essays".
7. Carry out.
To perform.
Traducción: llevar a cabo.
"The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her".
8. Come back.
To return.
Traducción: regresar.
"We decided to come back to Scotland for another holiday".
9. Come in.
To enter.
Traducción: entrar.
"Everybody turned their eyes towards her as she came in the room".
10. Come up.
To occur; to happen unexpectedly.
Traducción: surgir.
"A problem came up and I had to stay at work until late".
11. Cut down on.
To reduce; to decrease.
Traducción: reducir.
"Tom tried to cut down on his expenses".
12. Die out.
To extinguish.
Traducción: extinguirse; apagarse.
"Some people think that the Condor might die out in the next decades".
13. Do without.
To succeed in living or working without someone or something.
Traducción: apañárselas sin algo o alguien.
"There's no more milk, so I guess we'll just have to do without".
14. Find out.
To discvor; to learn a fact.
Traducción: averiguar, descubrir.
"He was fired after his company found out the truth about his sick leave".
15. Get off.
To leave a bus, a plane or a train.
Traducción: bajarse de un vehículo.
"Remember to take all your personal items before you get off the bus".
16. Get on.
To get into a bus, a plane or a train.
Traducción: subirse a un vehículo.
"I turned off my mobile phone before I got on the plane".
17. Get up.
To get out of bed after sleeping.
Traducción: levantarse de la cama.
"What time do you usually get up in the morning?"
18. Hang on.
To wait while talking on the phone.
Traducción: esperar.
"Hang on a minute. I'll call Laura".
19. Look after.
To take care of someone or something and make certain that they have everything they need.
Traducción: cuidar.
"It's hardwork looking after three children all day".
20. Look for.
To search for someone or something.
Traducción: buscar.
"I'm looking for Jim. Have you seen him?"
21. Look forward to.
To feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen.
Traducción: tener ganas de que algo pase.
"I'm really looking forward to my holiday".
22. Make up.
To put make up on oneself; to invent a lie; to be reconciled.
Traducción: maquillarse; inventarse algo; reconciliarse.
"They were angry with each other, but they made up yesterday".
23. Put off.
To postpone.
Traducción: retrasar algo, posponerlo.
"The wedding has been put off until November".
24. Take off.
To leave the ground and start flying.
Traducción: despegar.
"The plane took off ten minutes after the last passenger had sat down".
25. Turn out.
To be present / attend; to conclude.
Traducción: presentarse; resultar.
"Jessica turned out to be an old friend of my cousin".
La lista, por supuesto, puede ser más extensa:
Ask for - pedir
Break up with - romper con
Bring up - criar
Bump into someone - Toparse con alguien
Call back - devolver la llamada, volver a llamar
Check in - facturar
Come across - encontrarse con
Fall out with - pelearse, discutir con
Fill in - rellenar
Get in touch - ponerse en contacto
Get into - entrar, subirse (a un coche)
Get on (well) with [somebody] - llevarse bien con [alguien]
Get over - recuperarse, superar
Give away - regalar, dar
Give back - devolver
Give up - dejar de hacer, rendirse
Grow up - crecer en todo (física, mentalmente...)
Go back - regresar
Hang up - tender, colgar
Log on - conectarse a internet
Look up - buscar en un diccionario o en un libro
Move in - mudarse
Point out - señalar
Put on (weight) - coger peso
Put on (clothes) - ponerse ropa
Read out - leer en voz alta
Run away - huir
Save up - ahorrar
Set up - montar, empezar un proyecto
Sort out - arreglar, solucionar
Take up - empezar una actividad
Set off - empezar un viaje
Pass away - fallecer
Pick someone up - recoger a alguien
Plug in - enchufar
Turn up - aparecer, llegar, presentarse
Warm up - calentar
Tidy up - ordenar
Take back - devolver
Take off (clothes) - quitarse ropa
Tell off - regañar
Throw away - tirar, deshacerse de
Try on - probarse
Turn over - dar la vuelta
Work out - calcular, resolver, lograr entender
Write down - apuntar
Sí, todos nos hemos vuelto locos cuando hemos visto las listas de phrasal verbs. Lo que no deberíais hacer nunca es intentar aprenderos esta lista, o cualquier otra, de memoria. La única solución es ir utilizándolos poco a poco.
Lo primero que tenéis que hacer es familiarizaros con ellos, de aquí a nada empezaremos a hacer ejercicios con phrasal verbs.
martes, 24 de marzo de 2020
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